Īccording to the Scottish National Dictionary, its Scottish name may derive from the diminutive form (+ suffix -ie) of the word cook, giving the Middle Scots cookie, cooky or cu(c)kie. Another claim is that the American name derives from the Dutch word koekje or more precisely its informal, dialect variant koekie which means little cake, and arrived in American English with the Dutch settlement of New Netherland, in the early 1600s. The American use is derived from Dutch koekje "little cake," which is a diminutive of "koek" ("cake"), which came from the Middle Dutch word "koke". From 1808, the word "cookie" is attested ".in the sense of "small, flat, sweet cake" in American English. The word cookie dates from at least 1701 in Scottish usage where the word meant "plain bun", rather than thin baked good, and so it is not certain whether it is the same word. Ĭookies that are baked as a solid layer on a sheet pan and then cut, rather than being baked as individual pieces, are called in British English bar cookies or traybakes. In Scotland the term "cookie" is sometimes used to describe a plain bun. The container used to store cookies may be called a cookie jar. However, in many regions both terms are used. The term "cookie" is normally used to describe chewier ones. In many English-speaking countries outside North America, including the United Kingdom, the most common word for a crisp cookie is " biscuit". Terminology Traditional American Christmas cookie tray Fresh-baked cookies are sold at bakeries and coffeehouses. Factory-made cookies are sold in grocery stores, convenience stores and vending machines. Cookies are often served with beverages such as milk, coffee or tea and sometimes dunked, an approach which releases more flavour from confections by dissolving the sugars, while also softening their texture. Some cookies may also be named by their shape, such as date squares or bars.īiscuit or cookie variants include sandwich biscuits, such as custard creams, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons and Oreos, with marshmallow or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. Chewier biscuits are sometimes called "cookies" even in the United Kingdom. Most English-speaking countries call crunchy cookies " biscuits", except for the United States and Canada, where " biscuit" refers to a type of quick bread. It may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, nuts, etc. It usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. In 1900, the firm held a Royal Warrant to supply biscuits to the, then, Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII.A cookie ( American English), or a biscuit ( British English), is a baked or cooked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat and sweet. Peek Freans soon became the largest biscuit producer in Europe. By 1866 numbers grew to 700.īecause the founders were all religious non conformists, they adopted a paternalistic attitude to their workers providing them with free health and dental services, which was unusual for the times. Orders like this meant there was a much expanded workforce, now numbering 200 men and boys. In 1865, Peek Freans introduced a popular, smaller, lighter and sweeter biscuit known as the "Pearl".Īs demand for these little delights grew, the company produced 220 million biscuits for France during the Franco Prussian War in 1870. The company grew rapidly and a year later they were exporting biscuits to Australia. ![]() In 1860, a relative, George Frean, joined the company and at that time there were only eight employees. ![]() In 1857, they opened a biscuit making factory in Bermondsey, England. The three Peek brothers began their business enterprises by importing tea. Today's find at the Whangārei Museum is a circular tin that once contained fancy biscuits made by what used to be known as the "Rolls Royce" of biscuit companies - Peek Freans. Most of us enjoy a biccy or two with our cuppa.
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